Which Topology is Used in Campus Area Network?

In a Campus Area Network (CAN), several topologies can be utilized depending on the specific requirements and scale of the network. However, the most commonly used topologies are the star topology and the hierarchical (or tree) topology.

Star Topology

In the star topology, all devices or network nodes are connected to a central hub or switch. This central hub acts as the main point of communication for all the connected devices. Each node has a dedicated connection to the hub, which facilitates efficient data transmission and minimizes the chances of network collisions. The star topology is favored for its simplicity and ease of management. It allows for straightforward network expansion; adding a new device requires only a new connection to the central hub. Moreover, if one connection fails, it doesn’t affect the other connections, making the network more resilient. However, if the central hub fails, the entire network is disrupted, so the hub needs to be robust and well-maintained.

Hierarchical (Tree) Topology

The hierarchical or tree topology is an extension of the star topology, designed to support large and complex networks. In this topology, multiple star networks are interconnected in a tree-like structure. Typically, there is a top-level core switch or router connected to several lower-level switches or hubs, which in turn connect to end devices. This structure allows for a scalable network design, where additional layers or branches can be added as the network grows. The hierarchical topology is beneficial for managing large networks because it segments the network into manageable parts. It also improves network performance by distributing traffic and reducing the load on any single device. However, it requires careful planning to ensure efficient performance and to avoid potential bottlenecks at higher levels.

Considerations

Both topologies have their advantages and limitations. The star topology is often preferred for smaller to medium-sized CANs due to its simplicity and ease of management. On the other hand, the hierarchical topology is more suitable for larger campuses or organizations where scalability and performance are critical. The choice of topology depends on factors such as the size of the campus, the expected growth of the network, and the specific performance requirements.

In summary, while the star topology is widely used for its straightforward design and ease of troubleshooting, the hierarchical topology provides the scalability and flexibility needed for larger and more complex networks. Each topology offers unique benefits that cater to different needs within a Campus Area Network.